One of the oldest sights in Hanoi is the Temple of Literature, called Van Mieu in Vietnamese. The "temple" was founded in 1070 by Emperor Ly Thanh Tong, and is dedicated to the Chinese philosopher Confucius. Six years later, Vietnam's first university was founded here to teach the children of royalty and aristocracy (generally called mandarins). In 1484, another Emperor Le Thanh Tong had stele erected in one of the courtyards to record the statistics and achievements of those who received doctorates from the university. The school continued until its functions were transferred by Emperor Gia Long to the new capital at Hue in 1802.
Inside of the main entrance gate
The long narrow temple complex consists of a sequence of five courtyards divided by walls (see map). The first two courts are basically gardens with mature trees providing shady surroundings while the high temple walls help to subdue the constant noise of the streets surrounding the temple on three sides.
The third courtyard is mostly taken up by a large pond, called the "well of heavenly clarity." On either side of the pool are the pavilions sheltering the stele honoring the school's successful doctorate candidates. Each of the stone slabs sits on the back of a tortoise. Generally, the entire piece is carved from a single block of stone.
Smoke from incense in a large sandbox before an altar
Beyond the well of heavenly clarity is the courtyard of the sage sanctuary. This paved courtyard is lined with buildings on three sides. Directly facing you as you enter the courtyard from the previous one is the Great House of Ceremonies, which houses a large red lacquered statue of Confucius. The buildings that flank the Great House now house several gift and souvenir shops.
The last courtyard is the Thai Hoc, holding some of the largest structures. Flanking the large two story main hall are a drum and bell tower.
Hours & Admission Fees for the Temple of Literature
The Temple of Literature is open Tuesday to Sunday from 8:30 to 11:30 and 13:30 to 16:30. Admission is 5,000 Dong (-5,000.00 USD) with a small guide brochure costing an additional 3,000 Dong. To get there, simply ask a taxi to take you to "Van Mieu" and they should be able to get you there. A trip to the Temple of Literature should be combined with a visit to the Fine Arts Museum, which is right behind the Temple, as well as a bit of shopping at Craft-Link.